内容简介:该书适用于在数字技术发展的背景下学习图片摄影和影视摄影的高等院校学生,同时也适合广大业余爱好者自学参考。摄影部分包括数码照相机的基本原理、数码图像的基本特性、构图与光线基本原理等;影视部分包括数字摄影机的基本结构和特性,通用摄像机、剪辑软件和调色软件的介绍,使学生掌握基本的技术控制、光线与色彩的控制和基本的剪辑原理。希望在学习技术入门的同时,学生能掌握摄影摄像的基本语言,能够用图片摄影来创作,也能够拍摄电影短片。
摄影摄像基础一直以来都是艺术类院校的重要基础课程,无论是国内还是国外的高等
院校,都将其定为艺术学方向的必修课程。其涉及专业包括视觉传达设计、摄影专业、影视
摄影与制作、影视动画、数字媒体艺术等。此课程的教学目的,一方面是使学生掌握摄影艺
术、影视摄影艺术表现的技术技巧与基本创作规律及其艺术发展的时代背景;另一方面是为
设计实践、影像艺术实践提供详尽的知识解读与灵感来源。近年来,高等院校的一些其他相
关实践类专业也开始将其作为选修课程,以拓展学生的艺术实践能力与创意灵感来源。
对于在影像文化背景下成长起来的年轻一代来说,摄影与摄像艺术是与时俱进、兼具科
学属性与美学属性的重要艺术实践课程。在数字技术全球化发展的趋势下,全球的影像实践
者已站在同一起跑线上,新科技的不断产生大大激发了人类创造高品质影像作品的热情,高
度且迅速的信息化趋向使我们的影像艺术交流与展示也变得更容易。这就要求《摄影摄像基
础》的内容编排要以一种开放的视野,科学、缜密地梳理出摄影与摄像知识的构成关系与视
觉语言体系,让学生从影像技术与艺术观念的发展嬗变中理解摄影与影像语言的造型特点和
表现规律,理解数字化时代的摄影与摄像实践已经从传统感光材料走向多元化数字影像媒介
这一转变。从具体的优秀摄影摄像作品出发,通过对比梳理出当代影像艺术的语言特征、创
意理念与思维方式,从而在当代艺术实践中体会摄影摄像艺术的魅力与艺术价值。
另外,《摄影摄像基础》这本教材侧重鼓励学生参与到当代影像艺术创作实践中去,
引导学生熟练使用摄影摄像造型技术技巧作为主题观念和艺术语言表达的具体手段,调动和
发掘学生的摄影摄像思维能力与影像语言创新能力。通过引入具体优秀摄影作品与经典影片
案例分析,丰富教材的阅读内容与可读性,加强教材的实用性与当代性。相较于传统教材而
言,这些内容的引入必将受到读者的肯定和欢迎。
本教材在编写过程中得到著名摄影家、摄影教育家刘立宏教授与林简娇教授的鼓励与指
导,以及美术学院摄影系同事的支持与帮助,在此一并表示感谢!
由于编者水平有限,书中不足之处在所难免,恳请广大读者朋友批评指正。
编者
2017年10月
第 1 章 数字图片摄影技术概述 001
1.1 数字摄影的产生与发展 ·001
1.2 数码相机的基本介绍 ·····007
1.3 数码相机的操作与存储介质 ·011
1.4 数码相机的曝光 ························019
第 2 章 数字影视摄影技术概述 ····················024
2.1 数字影视摄影的产生与发展 ······································024
2.2 数字摄像机的分类与特点 ······································025
2.3 数字摄像机的构造和原理 ··············································027
2.4 数字摄像机的镜头 ···············································028
2.5 数字摄像机的曝光 ········································035
2.6 数字摄像的基本操作 ·······································037
第 3 章 影像画面构成关系 ·········································040
3.1 画面构成的基本指导原则 ··········································040
3.2 摄影画面构成···········································047
3.3 摄像画面构成···············································052
第 4 章 数字画面构图 ·············································058
4.1 摄影画面构图概述 ················································058
4.2 数字画面构图的结构成分 ····················059
4.3 数字画面构图的基本要素 ············································061
4.4 数字画面构图的基本规律 ···············································068
4.5 数字画面构图的基本方法 ·····························070
4.6 影视摄影中的固定画面拍摄 ·····························072
第 5 章 数字影像画面中的景别与角度 ·····························075
5.1 景别的概念与作用 ·················································075
5.2 摄影机方位、角度 ····················································082
第 6 章 图片摄影的用光 ···········································095
6.1 光的基础知识················································095
6.2 拍摄用光的基本因素 ·098
6.3 照明 ·108
6.4 布光与影调 ··························112
第 7 章 影视摄影中的光线和画面色彩控制 ·························121
7.1 滤光器的基础知识 ···········································121
7.2 光源色温与画面色彩控制 ···························123
7.3 画面色彩的结构与运用 ··································125
第 8 章 影视画面的运动 ···········································129
8.1 摄影机运动类型 ······································129
8.2 综合运动摄影···········································146
8.3 运动特技摄影··················································152
第 9 章 影视剪辑 ··················································154
9.1 剪辑的发展 ·················································154
9.2 剪辑的技巧 ················································154
9.3 剪辑软件 ·······················································160
第 10 章 摄影摄像后期调色 ·······································174
10.1 图片输出设备的色彩管理 ···············174
10.2 影视后期调色 ·················································176
第 11 章 摄影摄像实训 ················190
11.1 人像摄影实训 ····················································190
11.2 影视摄影基础实训 ····································199
参考文献 ·····························201